Studies of cedar-pine forest stands impacted by multiple entries, and elaboration of measures for improving the capacity of the stands

Recommendations are proposed for nomination of intermediate cuts (rejuvenation, reconstruction, reformation, and complex cuts) taking into account the vertical and horizontal composition of tree stands.

For cedar-pine stands which have been entered several times and where the understory is sparse, the complex cut technique shall be recommended. Then, the mature trees of all species, including cedar-pine, may be removed, under the condition that the resulted canopy density will not be less than 50 %.

If the forest stand is two-storied, where cedar-pine trees are spaced evenly, the rejuvenation cuts shall be nominated. Overmature trees of all species shading the main species should be removed. The resulting stand composition is the same, only the average age of the stand is reduced after the cut.

When the overstory is represented by waste trees, and the understory includes cedar-pine and other valued species, the reformation cuts shall be nominated. All of the valueless part and the commercially valuable trees of the overstory should be removed, since the understory is already available. There is no necessity to nominate the sanitation cuts as the elements of these cuts are already available in the cuts mentioned above.